They include a wide range of instruments, from simple instruments such as measuring beakers and pipettes to more complex instruments such as spin coater for uniform application of a thin layer on a substrate, incubators for growth and maintenance of cell cultures, elemental analysis equipment for chemical composition analysis of samples, electrospinning and electrospraying for the manufacture of thin fibres and aerosols, and systems for the synthesis, purification and sample preparation for the study of chemical and biological substances.