{"id":26303,"date":"2024-10-24T15:14:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apellaser.ro\/what-are-microplastics\/"},"modified":"2024-10-25T12:27:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-25T09:27:03","slug":"what-are-microplastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apellaser.ro\/en\/what-are-microplastics\/","title":{"rendered":"WHAT ARE MICROPLASTICS?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Microplastics are small bits of plastic, 5 millimeters or less, and either engineered for end-products, or the result of environmental degradation of polymer-based trash.<\/em><\/strong>Researchers have found microplastics in marine and terrestrial life. It invades the food chain, and it\u2019s even been found in salt, sugar, beer, alcohol, and honey. Not to mention glaciers and rainwater.<\/p>\n\n

Primary versus secondary microplastics<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
\"What
What are microplastics?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Primary microplastics<\/em>\u00a0are directly released into the environment as small plastic particles. These are intentionally engineered particles, like those found in some consumer and industrial products. Cosmetics have used microplastics as abrasives. \n \nSecondary microplastics<\/em>\u00a0are the result of the degradation of large plastic waste, like plastic bags and bottles, into smaller plastic fragments when exposed to our environment.<\/p>\n\n

What are the health risks of microplastics?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Microplastics can be toxic, depending on its composition. It can also act as a carrier of other molecules that cling to it. Some of those clinging molecules are bacterial, and others, viral. \n \nScientists fear the cumulative buildup of these toxins might affect the health of living organisms. Yet researchers are unsure about the volume of microplastics a body can tolerate or the damage it may cause. \n \nWhat we do know is this – consuming microplastics can physically damage organs and leech hazardous chemicals like pesticides. Scientists have shown that these substances can weaken immune function and hinder growth and reproduction. \n \nThe World Health Organization reported in 2019 that the current level of microplastics in drinking water doesn’t pose a health risk\u2014yet. But the group said we need to know more. \n \nResearchers from Johns Hopkins looked at the impact of eating seafood contaminated with microplastics. Their conclusion? The accumulated plastic we take in could damage the immune system and upset a gut’s balance. \n \nStill, the research on health effects are slim.\u00a0Recent research, through particle analysis and Raman spectroscopy\u00a0has begun to identify various microplastic types. Scientist are developing\u00a0sampling, extraction and analysis methods<\/a>\u00a0so we can trace these particles back to its sources. That way, we can create public policy to address this potential threat.<\/p>\n\n

Where do microplastics come from? <\/strong>Where do primary microplastics come from?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Microplastics come from synthetic textiles, city dust, tires, road markings, marine coatings, personal care products and engineered plastic pellets.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Ordinary consumer products are the source of most of the ocean\u2019s primary microplastics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Ordinary consumer products are the source of most of the ocean\u2019s primary microplastics. Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters in size. \n<\/p>\n\n

Synthetic textiles<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
\"\"
Synthetic textiles are the single greatest contributors to engineered microplastics in the ocean<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Synthetic textiles are the single greatest contributors to engineered microplastics in the ocean, accounting for 35 percent of the total volume. \n \nPolyester, nylon, acrylic, and other synthetic fibers \u2013 each a form of plastic \u2013 make up 60 percent of the fabric content of our clothes. Why? Synthetic microplastic fibers are cheap and versatile. The fibers create stretch and breathability in activewear, and warmth and sturdiness in winter clothes. \n \nBut washing synthetic textiles frees engineered microplastics through abrasion and shedding of fibers from the fabrics. That\u2019s due to the mechanical and chemical stresses that fabrics undergo during a washing process in a laundry machine. \n \nYour plumbing sends the spent water from your washing machine to a wastewater treatment plant. These fibers, too small for the plant to filter, are discharged with treated wastewater. The fibers eventually find its way to the oceans. \n \nNatural fabrics like cotton shed too. But while many natural fibers biodegrade, synthetics don\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n

Tires<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Microplastics form a matrix of the synthetic polymers, and degrade over time.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Things were so much simpler when tires were made of wood. \n \nToday, about 24 percent of a tire consists of synthetic rubber, a plastic polymer, and 19 percent natural rubber. Microplastics form a matrix of the synthetic polymers, giving the tire both rigidity and traction. The rest of the tire is metal and other compounds. \n \nTires erode through heat and friction from contact with the road. The wind and rain spread the tire dust and wash it off the road. It enters tributaries, lakes and eventually the oceans. \n \nA Canadian study found that passenger light truck tires lost nearly 2.5 pounds of rubber during an average service life of just over 6 years. Another study found that Americans produce the most tire wear per capita and estimated that tires in the U.S. alone produce about 1.8 million tons of microplastics annually. \n \nSecond only to synthetic textiles, vehicle tires contribute 28 percent of all the primary microplastics in the oceans, according to the IUCN.<\/p>\n\n

City Dust<\/h3>\n\n
\"\"
City dust, which accounts for 24 percent of microplastics in the oceans, comes from a variety of sources. While each is a small contributor, it adds up in a populated area.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

City dust, which accounts for 24 percent of microplastics in the oceans, comes from a variety of sources. While each is a small contributor, it adds up in a populated area. \n \nWeathering, abrasion and detergents create city dust from manmade products. \n \nCity dust includes losses from the abrasion of objects like synthetic soles of footwear and synthetic cooking utensils, the abrasion of infrastructure like household dust, artificial turfs, harbors and marina building coatings. It also includes particles from the blasting of abrasives, weathering of plastic materials and use of detergents. \n \nScientists recorded 365 microplastic particles per square meter falling daily from the sky in the Pyrenees Mountains in southern France. That was 60 miles from the nearest city. The authors of the 2019 study called it a \u201cnew atmospheric pollutant.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Road markings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Debris from degraded road markings make up about 7 percent of the primary microplastics in the ocean.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Crews apply road markings while building and maintaining roadways. The substances used include polymer tape and paint. Thermoplastics are popular in Europe. \n \nThe loss of microplastics may result from weathering or abrasion by vehicles. The materials are either spread by wind or washed off the roads by rain before reaching surface waters and potentially the oceans. \n \nDebris from road markings make up about 7 percent of the primary microplastics in the ocean.<\/p>\n\n

Marine coatings<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
\"\"
Marine coatings account for 4 percent of primary microplastics in the ocean.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Operators apply marine coatings to all parts of seagoing vessels for protection. That includes the hull, the superstructure and on-deck equipment. The materials involve solid coatings, anticorrosive paint or antifouling paint. \n \nDevelopers use several types of plastics for marine coatings, including mostly polyurethane and epoxy coatings, vinyl and lacquers. Weathering and spills during application, maintenance and disposal of these coatings cause the release of primary microplastics. \n \nMarine coatings account for 4 percent of primary microplastics in the ocean.<\/p>\n\n

Personal care products<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
\"\"
Many personal care and cosmetic products contain a type of engineered microplastic known as microbeads. \n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Many personal care and cosmetic products contain a type of engineered microplastic known as microbeads. The products include scrubbing agents, shower gels and creams. \n \nThe U.S. government banned its manufacture and sale, but producers still make and sell these products globally. \n \nMicrobeads are manufactured polyethylene plastic. It acts as an exfoliant, delivers active ingredients, and controls viscosity in health and beauty products. \n \nUp to 10 percent of some personal care product\u2019s weight is plastics. That\u2019s more than the packaging material. Some items have several thousand microbeads per gram of product. \n \nOnce the personal care item is used, it ends up in wastewater. These tiny particles easily pass through water filtration systems and end up in our waterways. \n \nPersonal care products and cosmetics represent 2 percent of all primary microplastics in the oceans.<\/p>\n\n

Plastic pellets<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Manufacturers produce several plastics in the shape of pellets or powders, the primary form of plastic. These producers then transport the pellets to plastic transformers that make plastic products. Pellets can inadvertently spill into the environment during manufacturing, processing, transport and recycling.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Plastic pellets make up 0.3 percent of the ocean\u2019s primary microplastics.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Plastic pellets make up 0.3 percent of the ocean\u2019s primary microplastics. \n \nIn 2019, the State of Texas fined a Texas plastic manufacturer of more than $120,000 after spilling thousands lentil-sized plastic pellets or \u201cnurdles\u201d into a creek and bay on the Gulf Coast. Formosa Plastics, a Taiwanese company headquartered in New Jersey spilled the nurdles near the company\u2019s 2,500-acre complex, about halfway between Houston and Corpus Christi. \n \nThe state required the company to recover and properly dispose of about 439,000 pounds of debris and plastic from the waterways. \n \nNurdles can absorb dangerous industrial and consumer chemicals including insecticides, PCBs and mercury. The pellets can clog the digestive systems of marine animals if ingested for food, and eventually cause them to starve to death. Nurdles can also degrade into microplastics. Texas is a major producer of plastic pellets. \n \nTo effectively monitor microplastics and other polluting particles, we recommend using the Partica<\/a> LA-960V2 system from Horiba. This advanced equipment offers a precise analysis of particle size distribution, being ideal for applications in the field of environmental research. Its laser technology contributes to the identification of microplastic particles from various environments, offering essential solutions for pollution management and supporting ecological and health studies. Learn more about this product here<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Microplastics are small bits of plastic, 5 millimeters or less, and either engineered for end-products, or the result of environmental<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":26300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3002,3048,3044],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-and-environmental-monitoring","category-scientific","category-spectroscopy"],"yoast_head":"\nWHAT ARE MICROPLASTICS? - APEL LASER<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Microplastics are small bits of plastic, 5 millimeters or less, and either engineered for end-products, or the result of environmental degradation of polymer-based trash.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/apellaser.ro\/en\/what-are-microplastics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"WHAT ARE MICROPLASTICS? 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